Theodore Roosdevelt Essays - New York, United States,

\Theodore Roosdevelt\ \26th President of the United States (1901-1909)\ Theodore Roosevelt was an energetic and dynamic leader who gave the nation a square deal. During his presidency to a position of internatio nal leadership. Roosevelt belonged to an aristocratic New York family. He attended Harvard Univerity. Theodore Roosevelt fought in the Spanish-American war with the Rough Riders at the battle of San Juan Hill. He had served as police commissiores of New York, assistant secretary of the navy, governor of New York, and vice president of the United States.When president McKinley was assassinated on September 14, 1901, Theodore Roosevelt became, at the time, the youngest (43 years) president in hist ory. The president saw himself as a man of the middle who would meditate the struggle between capital and labor. He said that business must be protected against itself and he tended to favor regulatory commissions that provided nonpartisan supervisi on by experts of business practices. As president he succeeded in getting additional authority over the railroads for the interstate commerce commission. He was also instrumental in the passage of the meat inspection act and the pure food and drug act.Ro attitude toward the poor and towards the labor movement was that of an enlightened conservative. He supported many labor demands such as shorter hours for women and children, employers' liability laws and limitations on the use of injunctions against workers in labor disputes. In reform, Roosevelt wanted gradual change. He moved in the direction of the reformers and ended up as the candidate of the progressive party in the Bull Moose presidential campaingn in 1912. He had broken with the Repub lican party. In 1907 immigration reached its all-time high 1,285,000 in one year. Theodore Roosevelt said, "There can be no divided allegiance here. Any man who says he is an American, but something else also, isn't an American at all. We have ro om but for on language here and that is the English language, for we intend to see that the crucible turns our people out as Americans, of American nationality; we have room for but one soul loyalty, and that is loyalty to the American people." Ro l ed the United States into continous armed interventions in the caribbean. In 1906 an insurrection in Cuba caused the United States to intervene in its affairs. The American government withdrew its power when ordr was restored. In the Philippines c ivil government was put into operation, and a communications cable was laid across the Pacific. Roosevelt intervened in the war betwwen Russia and Japan. He invited the Russian and Japanese governments to send peace commissioners to America where a peace treaty was sighned in 1905. The following year the president was awarded the nobel peace prize. People had wanted a canal connectiong the Atlantic and Pacific for hundreds of years. A French company, which went bankrupt, had started the pro ject. The company sold the panamanian rights to build the canal to the United States government. Colombia, whose territory included Panama, didn't agree to the terms offered by the Uninted States. Ro did not think much of he of Latin Americans to begin with. He called he colombians "foolish and homicidal corruptionits." The Roosevelt administration supported a revolt by the Panamanians against Colombia. The new country of Panama signed a canal treaty favorable to the United States in 1903. The Pana ma canal was completed August 15, 1914. President Theodore Roosevelt died at Sagamore hill, his home at oyster bay, New York, on January 6, 1919. --------------------------------------------------------------

Difference Between Customer Care And Customer Service Tourism Essays

Difference Between Customer Care And Customer Service Tourism Essays Difference Between Customer Care And Customer Service Tourism Essay Difference Between Customer Care And Customer Service Tourism Essay Its said that no issue how many different types of clients are about but it is ever believed that the attacks to them should ever be the same. I.e. a high quality service or merchandise delivered in a unfastened, professional manner at a reasonable and suited rate, client attention means guaranting for transport your positive service professionally and successfully. It has to be related to run intoing your deadlines and do certain that it was non confused for besides of you i.e. client and staff. It means non doing any complains but working with a helpful mode, as it can be seen that you are basking your work likely. It is said that a happy invitee is a 1 who ever gives good response and seek to maintain the nexus for a longer continuance. Source- ( Knight, A. ( 1999 ) .Effective Customer Care, The directory of societal alteration. ) Customer service is non a division everyplace within your company. Quite, it s a company imposts in which every individual at every place is client oriented. ( Bailey, K. et Al ( 2006 ) , client service for silent persons, Wiley Publishing, Iraqi National Congress. ) Customer service is the system in which an organisation handles the dealingss along with themselves and its clients. The dealingss which takes topographic point largely depends and varies, as it could last more than some old ages or merely for few months or yearss. but, every trade between the employee and the client demand to be give right attending and proper handling. The chief duty of the client service director should be that the staff tries all the clip to set their attempt to do happy and complete the demands and outlook of the client. Source ( Dredge, F et Al. ( 1998 ) Pull offing client service, Gower Publishing limited. ) THE NEED FOR THE CUSTOMER CARE POLICIES AND PLANS ARE AS FOLLOWS- It is indispensable to spread out a helpful client friendly civilization in cordial reception industry, and besides it must be divided within all the employees of the organisation. It is said that the more people who know about the policy the more possible expert you have. If the organisation gives first-class service to the client so the other organisation will be able to accomplish client trust. If an organisation wants a repetition concern from its clients so it has to have the client inducements at first. Besides it is mandatory to cognize about the client on whom the organisation is taking at, besides the wants and demands of the client should be understood right, and eventually believing that client fulfillment is indispensable. The policies and programs play a really of import function in constructing up the organisations public presentation. By followin the policies the work state of affairs of the organisation will be soft and successful, this system the employees will cognize their work and harmonizing to that they will demo their public presentation in the organisation. Plans help the organisation to look in the hereafter, and seek to accomplish the set ends, the mark which the organisation has set to accomplish. Source- ( Knight, A. ( 1999 ) .Effective client attention, The directory of societal alteration. ) Ans 2- The importance of client form which are encountered with in the cordial reception industry are- It is necessary to place the clients on which the organisation is taking at, by which the organisation can put it ends, marks and run into the demands and outlook of the invitee. Particularly in cordial reception industry there are two chief types of client form such as concern clients or corporate and tourer, which are chiefly emphasised by the cordial reception industry. The length of concern clients are short and their disbursement wont is besides really less as because the concern clients come through any company, which has a tie up with the hotel organisation. For case the British telecom has a tie up with Marriott s, so there will be a particular rate fixed for the employees of British telecom. In that instance the client comes and remain in the hotel, uses largely the complimentary points and so eventually look into s out. The necessities of concern patronages may be letter papers in the room, a Wi-Fi connexion, require a aftermath up calls in the forenoon, a conference room for meeting, air ticket from travel desk, a good and luxury auto with chauffer. Source- ( Schmitt Bernd, H. ( 1976 ) . Customer Experience Management, John Wiley A ; boies. ) It is non ever compulsory that the concern clients have less passing power, because when a main executive officer or head runing officer of any company arrives in the hotel organisation, he would possibly look for the most expensive things, such as alcoholic drink, a personal pantryman for 24/7. The tourer come to bask and divert themselves in the hotel, besides their length of stay is for a longer continuance. There passing power is better because they come to pass. For case booking a suite room, passing on intoxicant in the bars, discotheque, shopping in the shopping arcade etc. In Mc Donald s the staff knows who are the sort of clients which can be attracted towards the organisation, such as portion clip female parents and kids i.e. adolescents, by keeping a friendly ambiance in the eating house, coming up with new bill of fares to acquire clients with new gustatory sensation, besides by administering balloons and playthings to the childs. The clients pattern is wholly different as what it was in the hotels, as the hotel marks different sorts of client and the megahertz Donald s marks other sort of clients. Both of the organisation has different form but one slogan i.e. supplying better service to the client by carry throughing its demand and desire and do them experience comfy all the clip. Source- ( Knight, A. ( 1999 ) .Effective Customer Care, The directory of societal alteration. ) Ans 3- The importance of client attention civilization and how it applies in Mc Donald s Think customer- The organisation must seek to construct the exhilaration and energy amongst the staff about the construct of clients. Every member of staff should be responsible for client communicating. Every sections and the squads should research their ain impressions of what a client is and what this means to them. Value for the customers- Convince every person to believe as how much worth client is for the organisation, non in footings of finance but in footings of what they bring to the organisation. Remember that everyone is a customer- The secret of client attention is to handle every client with great regard, and purpose to present the highest criterion of attention and service that you can. Train your squad in client service- Share the policies and programs of client attention with the staff of the organisation, and so inquire them to set some thoughts and suggestions into it. Try non to let the employees, as they start giving them excess good service that represents value for money. Set targets- If the organisation has a scheme so it must hold marks so that it can supervise advancement. Make these realistic and accomplishable but disputing plenty to actuate enough the forepart line squad. Have client forums- So that the backroom squad, who may non cover direct with clients on a day-to-day footing, acquire to see who the organisation is working with, why they are of import, and they mean to the success of your charity. Source- ( Knight, A. ( 1999 ) .Effective Customer Care, The directory of societal alteration. ) The client attention civilization of Mc Donald s has improved quickly as a proper preparation programme had conducted for the new employees. In 2004 the organisation wanted to re set up this competitory advantage. The Mc Donald s service civilization was based on velocity and convenience. The demand, while retaining those elements, was to heighten the bing cordial reception civilization to transcend client outlooks. Besides the company had undergone a trade name relaunch with the subject I m lovin it and wanted the client experience to reflect this subject . ( David Pollitt, human resource direction international digest editor, wrote this article, from instance survey. ) The rating of client attention program- After traveling frontward it was believed that the criterion of client attention needed to travel to a higher degree of consistence. As there were few countries that peculiarly needed to be improve were: Aid for specific groups, such as female parent with immature kids, staff being comfy and confident handling and deciding client issues, a friendly eating house ambiance with personal, non everyday, interaction, and staff able to reply questions about Mc Donald s bill of fare ingredients. As antecedently the preparation of client attention were delivered to the directors but it was non forwarded to the front line staff, but now to derive the best impact the preparation is straight delivered to client attention staff. The profile of the group in Mc Donald s was, and remains, varied. Customer attention helpers range from female parents working portion clip to college pupils, and besides many people in their first occupation. The design squad included- a procedure suitable for bing and future client attention staff, developing an on-going component to the acquisition, non a one-off hole, and advancing existent cultural alteration. Then the client attention class was designed to capture the best portion of the first stage workshops, and those class include- Facilitated group treatment depicting good and bad illustration of client attention, sharing best pattern, function playing in little groups on ailment handling and recovery. Source- ( Case survey ) Ans 4- The KPI s and benchmark that could be implemented as a consequence of rating are discussed below- The quality and consistence of merchandise and service have underpinned the success of the McDonald s eating house concatenation since its origin. To accomplish this consistence, the company sets many Key Performance Indicators ( KPIs ) , both quantitative and qualitative, to which its eating houses aim to follow. McDonald s is known as the taking supplier of speedy service nutrient globally. In the UK, the company has 1,250 eating houses around 500 of which are franchised operations. Competition is severe in this market, re-emphasizing the importance of consistent quality and the ability to run into KPIs that range from merchandise output and gross revenues to cleanliness, restaurant quality and eating house enterprises within the local community. Traditional manual bite of eating house information was resource intensive and the terminal of twenty-four hours s trading figures would typically non be received until noon the undermentioned twenty-four hours. This meant there was a hold in responding to job countries. Steve Tiley, Head of Management Information Systems at McDonald s UK, says, Restaurant directors were passing excessively much clip measuring public presentation information, particularly at month terminal, and non plenty on the store floor with clients and staff. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.uk.businessobjects.com/customers/spotlight/mcdonalds/default.asp ) 09/01/09 The EFSIS partnership with fast nutrient eating house, McDonalds, has continued to boom following the accomplishment of Benchmark Excellence in the company s latest Supplier public presentation measuring survey, The Supplier Quality Index ( SQI ) . The SQI steps public presentation from both a long term and short term position and covers a provider s direction excellence, communications, strategic concern alliance, assured supply, quality, invention and cost. The partnership between McDonald s and EFSIS began three old ages ago and has gone from strength to strength with new classs being added to the portfolio. Currently EFSIS undertakes over 450 reviews across beef, porc and poulet cake providers and slaughter and deboning workss all across the universe. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.entrepreneur.com/tradejournals/article/106942250.html ) 09/01/09 Ans 5- The different communicating method and their feedback are discussed below- Questionnaire- A questionnaire is a set of inquiry, in which different types of inquiries are mentioned, this is fundamentally prepared to take a proper feedback from the clients about the organisation or sometimes the set of inquiries are based upon the clients history. This is by and large prepared to take complete information about peculiar organisation or the clients. It is a long and clip taking procedure of feedback. Guest history records- The guest history record is a sort of book which is maintained by different organisation to do a note about the regular invitee or a crabbed invitee. It is really maintained to assist the organisation to cognize more about the invitee as when the times comes such as birthday or matrimony day of remembrance, so the members of the organisation can wish them, and do the client feel happy and delicious. Interviews The interview is considered to be one of the good manner to acquire the feedback, as it is a formal talk between the client and the employee of the organisation, in which the staff or the director raise the inquiry to the client and the client is the entitled to give the replies of the peculiar inquiry asked. Mystery guest- The enigma invitee are those invitees who arrives in the organisation in secret, without allowing the organisation to cognize approximately them as who are they, and why they have come for. They merely enter in the premises and clear whatever uncertainties they have in their head, if they found something leery or non up to the grade so they send notice to the organisation for the incommodiousness, or for the improper service. Remark cards- Remark cards are prepared by the organisation to precisely allow to cognize the feedback of the clients, in most of the eating houses a remark card is given to the client to make full up, as how they felt and if there are negative feedback so the organisation start implementing on those countries. Competitions- In today s epoch each and every organisation is confronting the fright of competitions, because there are no longer the monopoly system, in every field the organisation has to confront competition and the determination taken by the organisation should be harmonizing to the forum, if that peculiar organisation wants to prolong in the bing market. Beginning ( David, R ( 2007 ) . Communication methods and steps .28th July 2007:19-23. ) Ans 6- The advantage and disadvantage are discussed below- Questionnaire The advantage of questionnaire is that, if it is filled decently so it takes out most of the information about the invitee or the organisation. It helps the organisation to track the record easy of any invitee, if it is maintained decently. The disadvantage of questionnaire is that it s a clip taking procedure, and guest attempt to avoid make fulling it. Many a times it is left in completed, and the chief information to be filled in is left out. Guest history record- The advantage of guest history record is that it has a hint of every invitee coming in the organisation. And if the organisation knows about the past history of the guest so it can clearly do it out which sort of invitee he/she is. The disadvantage is that the guest history record needs to be updated every clip, as when a regular invitee alterations his phone figure, or a new invitee comes in. It is sometimes hard to happen the records as it is maintained in a book and so the job comes to happen the book as where it is kept. Interviews- The advantage of interviews are that the client and the staff of the organisation comes into direct conversation and whatever information is needed that can be taken out easy by the client. Besides the client will experience better as they are interviewed and whatever things the client does nt desire in the organisation, that can be implemented. The disadvantage of the interview is that it can be for longer clip, besides many a times the client are non in a temper to give replies to the inquiries asked to them. Mystery guest- The advantage of enigma invitee is that there is a small fright in the head of employees that it can be a enigma invitee so in that instance they try to give their degree best most of the times at work in the organisation, and besides they try to carry through the client need even if they are non willing to make that. For case, a invitee arrives in a hotel and sits in a anteroom for long hours and inquire the employee to acquire a glass of H2O for him. The disadvantage of a enigma invitee can be really unsafe to the organisation, as it can be a member of HRACC, who fundamentally approves the star evaluation of any hotel, if he/she find something incorrect so the organisation can endure a immense effect. Remark card- The advantage of remark card is that it s non really drawn-out in most of the organisations, and it s is filled by different invitee so in that instance a proper feedback can be measured. The disadvantage of remark card is that sometimes it may incorporate false information, and if the remark card contains any complain about the employee, his evaluation will vastly fall down. Competitions- The advantage of competitions are that new merchandise and services are seen in the market, good merchandises in low monetary value. The disadvantage of competition is most of the organisation in order to vie with the other organisation ignore the quality of the merchandise and emphasise on the measure. Beginning ( Dean E. Hewes, ( 1995 ) . The cognitive bases of interpersonal communicating .17th March 1995:6-13. ) Ans-7 Staff authorization is the procedure of enabling or authorising an person to believe, act, take action, and control work and determination devising in independent ways. It is the province of experiencing self-empowered to take control of one s ain fate . ( hypertext transfer protocol: //humanresources.about.com/od/glossarye/a/empowerment_def.htm ) 09/01/09 We must take out from our head that if the employee studies to the employer, as he is low-level to him that does non intend as the employee ca nt do any determination. The superior authorization must besides give the opportunity to believe and authorise in the organisations determinations. As now it is seen that in most of the organisation immature endowments are preferred ab initio, as they can come up with new thoughts, facts, and figures which can be really helpful for the organisation to turn. If we think about authorization in human dealingss footings, attempt to avoid thought of it as something that one person does for another. This is one of the jobs organisations have experienced with the construct of authorization. Peoples think that person, normally the director, has to allow authorization on the people who report to him. Organizations has the duty to make a work environment which helps advance the ability and desire of employees to move in sceptered ways. The work organisation has the duty to take barriers that limit the ability of staff to move in authorization. All it can convey is merely the benefit to the organisation because if seen loosely the staff are confronting more new challenges so the directors, the directors are at that place merely to advice non to assist the employee with their work. Then the employee can take right determination at the right clip, if we talk about nutrient and drink section of any hotel, the work burden lies on the shoulder of employees, as they are extremely responsible from set uping the apparatus till the clip of clearance. It is benefitted in different ways, by which the organisation can take to a higher place. Source- ( Martin, D. ( 1998 ) one halt client attention, ICSA publication limited. )

The Role of Government in the Twentieth Century Essay

The Role of Government in the Twentieth Century - Essay Example Their was a desire for change in the culture of society. There were a lot of reforms and changes occurred in each phase of society and in all sections. The change was not only in the lifestyle of the people but also in the business and service sector. Their working method and environment was also changing according to their business. Some of the reforms and movements were Progressivism, new deal era, first and the second world war. These reforms changed the whole scenario of the 20th century. A detailed knowledge about these reforms will define the role of government and the response of people over these reforms. Progressive movement was started in 1889 but its importance was highlighted in the starting of 20th century. The progressive movement was based on the concepts of social justice, greater efficiency in government and social control. This movement was basically consisting of the middle class people and urban professionals. The people thought that the government should become more active regarding democratic reforms and in protecting laborers. Woodrow Wilson was the governor of New Jersey and became the president of United States in 1912. He started the Federal Reserve Act in 1913. This act provided the control of government over banking. He also introduced Federal Trade Commission Act that regulated the trade by taking commission from these trade corporations. He appointed commissioner to regulate these trades affairs. The appointment of these commissioners was not liked by progressives. The progressivism was exploited mostly by the white men. Women were the victims of progressivism. This resulted in the launch of National Women Party which fought against women suffrage. Black were also the sufferers of progressivism. Rich people were exploiting poor and hampering cultural ethics by making wrong use of progressivism. But above all its drawbacks progressive reform developed the culture, lifestyle, new trade methods and much more advancements. The government became more responsible towards the economic and social welfare. Middle class people became more conscious towards their right in the society. The banking procedure was changed and got under the control of government. Progressivism preserved the capitalist system. Progressivism introduced many democratic ideas from different parts of the society. This was the end of nineteenth century and progressivism was the major reform of this century Cities were the main attraction of progressive movement. The urban population wanted to develop the cities and make a place to live safer and healthier. Different parts of the society were now becoming active towards their common problem. These changes have to be done to civilize the cities without attracting America's economy. This was the main aim of progressive

Needle stick injuries Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Needle stick injuries - Research Paper Example These injuries pose a risk for development of various infectious diseases to the injured threatening their employment, health morbidity and mortality. More than 20 different pathogens have been identified to be transmitted through exposure to body fluids or sharps injury. Injuries by sharps and splashes of body fluids are the main routes of transmission for occupational acquisition of blood-borne pathogens among health care workers (Bi et al, 2008). Despite these injuries being common, they are often under reported and in many places, both health care and non-health care workers are unaware of safety methods to prevent these infections. Globally, needle stick injuries are the most common cause of blood-borne infections among health care workers (Wilburn and Eijekamans, 2004). More than 35 million people worldwide constitute health care work force and they represent 12 percent of the working population in the world (Wilburn and Eijekamans, 2004). It is estimated that people working wi th them as non-health workers are even more in numbers (NHS, 2008). ... In this essay, various concerns pertaining to needle stick injuries will be discussed along with current and best practices and strategies to change. Needle stick injuries: causes, risks and concerns According to the Health Protection Agency report (2008), the most common type of exposure that has been reported among health care workers is the percutaneous injury which accounts for 45 percent of exposures. These exposures contributed to significant seroconversion for HCV, HIV and other diseases. The HIV seroconversion rates reported were high, 0.8 percent. In the NHS, needle stick injury continues to be the most commonly reported adverse incident among healthcare workers, which are a potential source for transmission of various diseases like Hepatitis B and C and human immunodeficiency virus. These injuries are also a potential source of transmission of prion-related diseases. The risk of transmission of hepatitis C with needle stick injuries is 3 percent, for hepatitis B is 30 perce nt and for HIV is 0.3 percent (Elmiyeh et al, 2004). The transmission from the patient to the healthcare worker through the injury depends on the viral load of the patient and also on the amount of blood that passes from the patient to the healthcare worker. Other infections which are transmissible through needle stick injuries are malaria, syphilis and herpes (Wilburn and Eijekamans, 2004). Needle stick injuries: current practices There is uncertain information about the prevalence of the diseases among hospital population and health care workers and non-health workers (Elmiyeh et al, 2004). According to a study by Elmiyeh et al (2004), 38 percent of health care workers had atleast one needle

Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Abortion - Essay Example This enzyme deficiency prevents the metabolization of phenylalanine. According to medical and health ethical considerations, every child born with PKU should be placed on a special low phenylalanine diet for a period not less than five years of their life. This is thought to have happened to Martha. It was ethical to consider this when Martha was young and developing. The ideal situation Martha was placed in was to ensure that life is protected at all costs. As such, it is important for Martha to consider abortion for the sake of her life since failure to abort is likely to put the lives of both the child and her in jeopardy. The diet is a necessity in order to reduce or prevent occurrence of sever retardation. Nonetheless, the diet is actually burdensome. This is when considered that Martha is in some state of difficulty with her relationship and marriage with the father of the child. Martha has done no problem of being engaged with this situation. However, she should take caution o f Dr. R‘s emphasis and advice since she is about to care for more than one life. Martha is not exposed to limited foods. She is supposed to consider and stick to the use of the medical food, which is of bad taste and yet protects her from ill health. Considering pregnancy in such a case is another tedious thing since it has been proved that she is in a more difficult situation now that she is pregnant. Dr. R’s advice of considering abortion is deeply directed at reducing any possible thwart of life if she continuous carrying the pregnancy to birth. Yes, she is considerate of the fact that her ethics from religion does not allow her to abort. Nonetheless, avoiding aborting in such a scenario is poised at risking the lives of two people, more importantly her life with that of the fetus (DeGrazia and Jeffrey 45-56). Martha is at a point of making a crucial decision considering the fact that it is like she is fighting a fight of life and death. According to her doctor, abor tion will solve the issue of the present life, as stated by the medical ethics at hand. The fetus is yet to be given an opportunity to grow and live, though this will be negatively affecting on the possibilities of living in Martha’s point of contention. Thus, if Martha is poised to consider abortion, she will have managed to successfully limit any occurrence of life-neglect since it is well foreseeable that she is likely to risk and kill her life together with that of the child. Her continued carriage of the fetus is like an approach of difficulty pertaining life and death, something that should not be given a chance in any medical ground poised with medical and health ethics. Furthermore, Martha is up to the fact that she has been inconstant in her diet. She has failed in remunerating the proceeds of her health discipline. As such, she should consider abortion owing to the fact that if she continues to carry the fetus; she will be up for a tedious end. If Martha J is resolv ed to carry her fetus to term, Dr R will be in a huge responsibility of trying to balance between the lives of two people, who survive the ordeal of living a short and exposed life. It is the responsibility of Dr R to oversee and ensure that Martha has fully adhered to the precepts of t the diet at hand. If he fails to do so then he will be acting contrary to the ordeals of medical ethics, which requires him to do so. First, Dr R is endowed with the responsibility of ensuring that Martha has stepped up to the challenge of her ruthless medication as she had experienced during childhood. At the moment, it is not a big deal for her to metabolize phenylalanine. Nonetheless, now that she is expected to carry her pregnancy to term, she should maintain the same low-level phenylalanine diet through out the course of

Capitalism vs Communism Essay

Capitalism vs Communism Essay Communism and capitalism, the totally opposite systems, always fight, although the capitalism is a bit older than the communism.The most important ones of these fights date back to the Cold War.This war was between the countries of Warsaw Pact and the ones of NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization).Actually, the primary participants military forces never officially clashed directly, they expressed the conflict through military coalitions, strategic conventional force deployments, a nuclear arms race, espionage, proxy wars, propaganda, and technological competition, such as Space Race.All right, what are the differences between these two systems?They can be contrasted out in terms of the viewpoints about ecenomy and the social life. The viewpoints of these systems about the economy are totally different.The capitalist system uses the opinions of liberal economy policy. The most important person about this policy was Adam Smith.In his book The Wealth of Nations, he expressed that the free market, while appearing chaotic and unrestained, was actually guided to produce the right amount and variety of goods by so-called invisible hand.Smith made his laws about the economic system like the natural laws.According to him,the individuals by pursuing their own interest frequently promote the society more effectually than when they intend to promote it.This was the brief explanation of the invisible hand term and similar to food chains in an ecosystem.In free market system, individuals join the ecenomy as consumers, laborers, and investors.For example, as consumers, individuals influence production patterns through their purchase decisions, as producers they will change production in order to produce what is most profitab le.As laborers, individuals may decide which jobs to prepare for and in which markets to look for work.As investors, they decide how much of their income to save and how to invest their savings.These savings provide much of the money that businesses need to grow.All of these forms supply-demand and competition parts of the capitalist eceonomy.On the other hand, the communism system was set up on the Marxism ideology.Marx gave the importance to the labor and labor power.He named people who must sell their labor power as proleterians and ones who buy the labor power as capitalists.He observed that in practice every successful industry input unit-costs are lower than output unit-prices.Marx called the difference surplus value and argued that this had its source in surplus labor, the difference between what it costs to keep workers alive and what they can produce.At the same time, this value was the capitalists profit.In fact, this value was created by the proleterians labor-power.There fore it should belong to the laborer.Communism sort out this problem and suggests that people earn proportionally to their labor-power.It is totally against the individuals competition.On the contrary, it encourages the collectivism of labor.For instance, a professor can work as a construction worker for the building necessity of the country in order to shorten the building time.After Long Walk of Mao in 1949, China became an communist country.However Chinas communism was different from the others.China wasnt a country of Cold War and Maoism, Far East version of Marxism-Leninism, was used in this country.In addition to the laborer, agriculture and villagers are given great importance by Mao because the life in China was associated with the soil.As it is said in the journal New China and the Old : What China is able to do on top of that, which other capitalist countries cannot, is use the power of the State plan large projects and harness both private and public companies to achieve them, today China uses the power of seeming communism to become big capitalist.Their actual political system is now capitalism. In addition to viewpoints about economy, their perspectives about social life are totally different.The capitalism encourages the individualism. Competition is the main element of individualism.Each individual must be better than the others to earn his life as if he were an animal trying to survive in the wild nature.This leads bad emotions to spread out in the society, such as mistrust, outrage ,and discrimination.Another result of capitalism is consumerism.In capitalism, the social life is formed with respect to the principles of Consume-Obey-Die.People dont have enough time to think, and examine their lives.They are encouraged to consume without thinking what will happen as a result of their actions.This cause people become alienated from production.In other words, this led people to become unaware the things which they produce, why they produce these and the results of their actions.On the other hand, as it is said in the journal Cuba, change is in the air: Its like young people here are in a cocoon, preparing and preparing themselves until they can one day break free and fly away., there is a closed social structure life in the communist countries.In fact, this is not the real property of communism.The reason for this is the real communism will not exist unless the borders of countries are removed. The system which now exists in the communist countries is not real communism, it is the dictatorship of proleteriat.Collectivism is also another content of communism.Communism encourages collectivism against the individualism.In communism, there is no family life because it is viewed as the rest of feudalism.People live in the units named as commune.They eat food at the refectories and sleep in the dormitories. To sum up, communism and capitalism have some problems.The principles of capitalism is against the humanity which is formed by the things which distinguish a human from an animal.Capitalism leads to an idea which is that all the actions done in order to get money can be acceptable.Imperialism, the fundamental necessity to maintain capitalism, is the biggest enemy of the humanity.World War 1, the war in Iraq, and in Palestine and terrorism in Turkey are some examples of violonce created by imperialism.On the other hand, the viewpoint of communism about the family life is wrong.This also causes big restriction in human life.In the near future,there will be a system which is composite of capitalism and communism.In this system,the difference between the earnings of people will be very small ,and there will be family life not communes but there will be collectivism of labor.Imperialism will be no longer valid.The most important thing is that the children wont be killed in order to make p rofit.

Love and Violence in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay -- Steinbe

Love and Violence in Of Mice and Men In Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men, the characters display a definite violence directed toward those they love. "The Ballad of Reading Gaol" relates to what seems to be the destructive tendencies of the men in this book. Though Lennie's ruinous behavior originates from his childlike fascination with soft things, George and Candy appear to have almost productive reasons for causing harm. The differing means of hurting those they love emerge throughout the book in harsh words as well as in violence. Love can wound for different reasons and in different ways as in correlation with the poem, but that love is not always disastrous. Lennie's incredible need often causes him to be "a man [who] kills the thing he loves." Recurrently, the reader is reminded of the way in which Lennie inadvertently kills animals and frightens people. For example, at the pool George and Lennie reveal in their conversation the reason that they are traveling. Lennie got himself into trouble in the last town for petting a woman's dress "like it was a mouse." This obvious innocence foreshadows the inevitable end to Lennie's carelessness. Trouble follows the two men because Lennie cannot realize what he is doing wrong. George can only call him "a crazy son-of-a-bitch" and pretend that he does not want the responsibility of the childish man. However, the powerful simpleton never means harm to his victims or comprehends the complications to George that come from the things he does. His thoughtless manner in which he lives represents those who continue to hurt their loves because they cannot think beyond their own needs. When Candy has his dog killed, it is intentional. In part, he allows this to... ... not display it earlier in the plot, he is the only one "brave" enough to "do the deed" personally. The poem lists several ways in which people hurt those that they love. With Lennie, this is entirely unintentional. He never means harm to anyone, but with the capricious way in which he treats everything he wants to love, it is inevitable. Curlie's wife simply disregards the needs of others to satisfy her own, and this is willful selfishness. In Candy and George's case, however, the harm is deliberate, but not malicious. The "bitter" words that hurt Lennie are mostly used to help him because he cannot take care of himself. George, though he never admits that he loves his friend, acknowledges that he must occasionally be harsh to do good for Lennie. Sometimes hurting someone is necessary because of the love for the relationship, not in spite of it. Love and Violence in John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men Essay -- Steinbe Love and Violence in Of Mice and Men In Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men, the characters display a definite violence directed toward those they love. "The Ballad of Reading Gaol" relates to what seems to be the destructive tendencies of the men in this book. Though Lennie's ruinous behavior originates from his childlike fascination with soft things, George and Candy appear to have almost productive reasons for causing harm. The differing means of hurting those they love emerge throughout the book in harsh words as well as in violence. Love can wound for different reasons and in different ways as in correlation with the poem, but that love is not always disastrous. Lennie's incredible need often causes him to be "a man [who] kills the thing he loves." Recurrently, the reader is reminded of the way in which Lennie inadvertently kills animals and frightens people. For example, at the pool George and Lennie reveal in their conversation the reason that they are traveling. Lennie got himself into trouble in the last town for petting a woman's dress "like it was a mouse." This obvious innocence foreshadows the inevitable end to Lennie's carelessness. Trouble follows the two men because Lennie cannot realize what he is doing wrong. George can only call him "a crazy son-of-a-bitch" and pretend that he does not want the responsibility of the childish man. However, the powerful simpleton never means harm to his victims or comprehends the complications to George that come from the things he does. His thoughtless manner in which he lives represents those who continue to hurt their loves because they cannot think beyond their own needs. When Candy has his dog killed, it is intentional. In part, he allows this to... ... not display it earlier in the plot, he is the only one "brave" enough to "do the deed" personally. The poem lists several ways in which people hurt those that they love. With Lennie, this is entirely unintentional. He never means harm to anyone, but with the capricious way in which he treats everything he wants to love, it is inevitable. Curlie's wife simply disregards the needs of others to satisfy her own, and this is willful selfishness. In Candy and George's case, however, the harm is deliberate, but not malicious. The "bitter" words that hurt Lennie are mostly used to help him because he cannot take care of himself. George, though he never admits that he loves his friend, acknowledges that he must occasionally be harsh to do good for Lennie. Sometimes hurting someone is necessary because of the love for the relationship, not in spite of it.

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood or hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Normally a certain amount of glucose circulates in the blood. The major sources of this glucose are absorption of ingested food in the gastrointestinal tract and formation of glucose by the liver from food substances (Kozier et. l, 2002). Client’s name is Mr. Harvey, 48 years old and has three children and he is newly diagnosed having Type 1 Diabetes. He is a college undergraduate and has experienced working in a restaurant as chief cook until now where in he works for 6 hours. He is also a small businessman and is greatly affected by the economic condition as of the present.He only earns enough for his kids since he is a single parent; he earns about 350 dollars a day including his earnings in his small business. These factors aforementioned greatly influence to his ability to access the necessary healthcare that he should have. Yes, he has a job but his earnings is not enough for him to be thoroughly be checked by healthcare professionals, and also because he has three kids which are all studying as well.As a single parent, it is his job also to look after his children and this means all his extra time will be devoted to them and he will not be able to attend to his own needs and other self- care practices needed for his condition. Although he can do some modification in his diet still he cannot manage to consistent all throughout because he still has a lot of things to attend to, but nevertheless as a college undergraduate he has some basic knowledge about the condition he has which is Type 1 Diabetes.Although he has a job and a business of his own it still does not erase the fact that he is a single parent of three kids, maybe he can buy some medicine for his condition but it will not be continuous because he will tend to prioritize other things. Prognosis of his condition would be poor because he cannot focus on the treatments that he should be getting to alleviate his condition; Diabetes is such a silent killer especially when complications arise. Lastly, diabetes can be fatal. Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a common and potentially serious, chronic metabolic condition which is characterized predominantly by hyperglycemia and other manifestations. Diabetes can be a devastating condition with long lasting hazardous consequences since due to its chronicity it affects almost all the major organs of the body including the eyes, the kidneys, the nerves, heart and blood vessels (Jennifer, 1998).There are two main types of Diabetes Mellitus viz. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (also termed as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus or IDDM and juvenile Diabetes Mellitus) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (also known as Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus or NIDDM and adult-onset Diabetes Mellitus) (Jennifer, 1998). Type 1 DM is more common as compared to type 2 DM in younger age groups and accounts for almost two-thirds of the cases of diabetes diagnosed amongst individuals less than 19 years of age (Levitsky & Misra, 2008).Epidemiology of DM – The magnitude of the problemI n the United States, Diabetes Mellitus is the fourth leading cause of death and accounts to 178,000 deaths per year (Do I Have Diabetes?, 1998). Individuals with DM have been shown to have a 5-10 years shorter lifespan as compared to their normal counterparts (Lipsky & Sharp, 2004). Moreover, DM also contributes to significant morbidity and remains amongst the leading cause of blindness in adults in the 20-74 years age group. Similarly, it also remains as one of the most common causes of non-traumatic lower-limb amputation and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review, 2007).It was estimated that about 7% of the U.S population (20.8 million individuals) were inflicted with this condition in the year 2005. Amongst these, 14.6 million were diagnosed as having DM while the rest were undiagnosed. Moreover, an additional 54 million people were shown to have pre-diabetes’ (defined below) (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 â €“ A Review, 2007). It is alarming to note that over the past decades, the incidence of DM has been increasing and it was observed that the percentage of adults in the U.S diagnosed with DM increased by 49% (from 4.9 to 7.3%) during the period 1990-2000 (Lipsky & Sharp, 2004).Diabetes Mellitus is also important from an economic and public health perspective as well since it leads to both direct and indirect costs of health care. The magnitude of the problem can be judged by the fact that in the year 2002, the per-capita healthcare cost for diabetic individuals was $13,243 as opposed to $2560 for non-diabetics (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 – A Review, 2009).Type 1 and Type 2 DM – A comparisonAs discussed above, there are two main types of Diabetes mellitus – type 1 DM and type 2 DM – which differ in etiologies and pathogenesis. DM was classified into two major subtypes viz. IDDM and NIDDM in 1979 by the National Diabetes Data Group and thi s classification was later endorsed by WHO (Jennifer, 1998). However, this classification had certain limitations and therefore the recent guidelines classify DM into four main groups viz. type 1 DM, type 2 DM, â€Å"other specific types† and gestational diabetes (Jennifer, 1998).According to the recent guidelines, the diagnosis of DM requires two fasting plasma glucose levels of 126 mg per dL (7.0 mmol per L) or greater. Moreover, if after a glucose load of 75 g a patient has two two-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2hrPPG) readings of 200 mg per dL (11.1 mmol per L) or higher or two random blood sugar levels of 200 mg per dL (11.1 mmol per L) or higher, he/she can be diagnosed as being diabetic.It is preferable to use the fasting plasma glucose level, due to its better reproducibility and easier administration, however, in clinical practice, a combination of any two abnormal test results can be employed (Jennifer, 1998). In addition to full blown DM, the American Diabetes Association has defined another category, pre-diabetes. This is a state in which ‘the blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes’ (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review, 2007).Type 1 DM is a metabolic disorder resulting from the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells located in the Islets of Langerhans which results in a progressive disability to secrete insulin (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review, 2007). Type 1 DM can present at any age the most common presentation being in childhood but one-fourth of cases are diagnosed in adults. (Levitsky & Misra, 2008). This late presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitus has been termed as latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult (LADA). Studies have suggested that type 1 DM occurs in individuals who are genetically predisposed to developing this disease and its onset may be triggered by certain environment agents such as viru ses and toxins (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review, 2007).Once the onset is triggered, there is progressive destruction of the beta cells and a subsequent decrease in insulin production. However, during this period the individual is asymptomatic and euglycemic (Eisenbarth & McCulloch, 2009). Overt hyperglycemia is manifested when more than 80-90% of the beta cells have been destroyed (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review, 2007). Recently, a newer subtype of type 1 DM has been identified which is characterized by a non-immune mediated destruction of pancreatic islet cells and has been termed as Type 1B DM (Eisenbarth & McCulloch, 2009).It is a well established fact that type 1 DM is genetically determined. Several genes have been implicated to play a role in the pathophysiology of type 1 DM including polymorphisms in HLA-DQalpha, HLA-DQbeta, HLA-DR, preproinsulin, the PTPN22 gene, CTLA-4, interferon-induced helicase, IL2 receptor (CD25) , a lectin-like gene (KIA0035), ERBB3e, and an undefined gene at 12q (Eisenbarth & McCulloch, 2009).In individuals with type 1 DM, genetic markers are present since birth. However, it has been elucidated that immune markers develop after the onset of the autoimmune process of beta cell destruction and metabolic derangements can be identified once a significant proportion of beta cells have been destroyed but before the occurrence of symptoms (Eisenbarth & McCulloch, 2009).The immune markers which have been identified for type 1 DM include antibodies to the islet cell (IA2) and to insulin (IAA). Moreover, autoantibodies to islet–glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) including anti-GAD65 have been found in patients with type 1 DM and are of particular importance in adults with this disease since these antibodies are clinically detectable and can be used to aid in the detection and diagnosis of type 1 DM in adults (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review, 2007).Type 2 DM is relatively far more common than Type 1 DM, especially amongst adults accounts for almost 80-90% of all the cases of DM in various regions of the world (Gerich, 1998). Over the past few decades, epidemiologic studies have identified an alarming increase has been observed in the cases of Type 2 DM to an extent that type 2 DM is now being regarded as an epidemic. In a study conducted in a Japanese population comprising of children of school going age, type 2 DM was found to be seven times more common as compared to type 1 DM and a 30-fold increase in its incidence was noticed over the last two decades (Rosenbloom, 1999).Type 2 DM typically affects individuals aged greater than 40 years but more recently it has been observed to be occurring more frequently in younger age groups and has been found in individuals who are as young as two years of age and have a positive family history of this disorder. There are various factors which have led to an increase in the incidence of type 2 DM in younger age groups. These include increasing incidence of obesity and a sedentary lifestyle amongst children and an increase in the life expectancy, with more individuals surviving past the age of 65 years (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 – A Review, 2007).The etiology of Type 2 DM is a multifactorial and it arises from a complex interplay of both genetic and environmental influences. The inheritance of this disorder does not follow the simple Mandelian patterns. Infact, this disorder has a polygenic inheritance requiring multiple gene polymorphisms (Gerich, 1998). Lipsky describes the genetic-environmental interaction which is implicated in the development of type 2 DM as â€Å"A good analogy is that although genetics loads the gun, environment pulls the trigger (Lipsky, 2004).†Several genes have been implicated in the causation of type 2 DM. Amongst these the three most consistently identified genes include TCF7L2, KCNJ11, and PPARG (Lyssenko, 2008 ). However, more recently, a number of novel genes which increase an individual’s susceptibility to type 2 DM have been identified including CDKAL1, IGF2BP2, the locus on chromosome 9 close to CDKN2A/CDKN2B, FTO, HHEX, SLC30A8, WFS1, JAZF1, CDC123/CAMK1D, TSPAN8/LGR5, THADA, ADAMTS9, and NOTCH2 (Lyssenko, 2008).The pathogenesis of Type 2 DM is different from type 1 DM in that it results from both an impairment in insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion as opposed to Type 1 DM which results solely from impaired insulin secretion (Gerich, 2009). Individuals with type 2 DM have end-organ or peripheral resistance to insulin and additionally a defect in the production of insulin and recent data suggests that both must co-exist for causing manifestations of type 2 DM. Several risk factors have been identified which increase a person’s susceptibility to developing type 2 AM.These include a positive family history of DM, and increase in the Body Mass Index (BMI), impaired or elevated Liver Function Tests (LFTs), comorbid conditions such as current smoking status and hypertension, decreased measures of insulin secretion and action, Hispanic, Native American, African American, Asian American, or Pacific Islander descent , a history of GDM or of delivering a baby with a birth weight of >9 lb and Polycystic ovarian syndrome (Lyssenko, 2008 and Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 – A Review, 2007).Amongst other risk factors, obesity is one of the most consistently identified and the strongest risk factor for the development of type 2 DM. Moreover, studies have shown that intraabdominal obesity is of particular significance in causing insulin resistance (Gerich, 2009). Most of these risk factors are modifiable and current public health strategies focus on targeting these modifiable risk factors in addition to pharmacologic intervention for the control of type 2 DM.The complications of DM are numerous and diverse and include increased susceptibil ity to infections, microvascular complications including nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy which can lead to subsequent end-organ failure and macrovascular complications, which include stroke and coronary artery disease (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 – A Review, 2007).In conclusion, DM is a common disorder and affects a large proportion of the population globally. There are two main types of DM viz. type1 and type 2 and both differ in etiology and pathogenesis. DM can lead to several manifestations and complications and hence is a major public health concern. Although extensive research has been conducted in order to identify the underlying etiology of both types of DM, there is a pressing need to explore the arena of prevention measures for this disorder and devise strategies to control the increasing incidence of Type 2 DM in the younger age groups.ReferencesDo I Have Diabetes? (1998, October 15). Retrieved April 20, 2009, from American Family Physician: http://www.aafp.o rg/afp/AFPprinter/981015ap/981015b.htmlEisenbarth, G. S., & McCulloch, D. K. (2009, February 11). Pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from Uptodate online: http://www.uptodate.com/patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=~JYHFR94z4VP3LY&selectedTitle=4~150&source=search_resultGerich, John E. (1998) The Genetic Basis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Impaired Insulin Secretion versus Impaired Insulin Sensitivity. Endocrine Reviews 19(4): 491–503Jennifer, M. (1998). Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus: New Criteria. American Famil Physician .Levitsky, L. L., & Misra, M. (2008, November 18). Epidemiology, presentation, and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from Uptodate Online: http://www.uptodate.com/patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=~0babJ4CniXpnXAf&selectedTitle=12~150&source=search_resultLipsky, M. S., & Sharp, L. K. (2004). Preventive Therapy for Diabetes: Lifestyle Changes and th e Primary Care Physician. American Family Physician .Lyssenko Valeria et al. (2008) Clinical Risk Factors, DNA Variants, and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes. The New England Journal of Medicine 359; 21Rosenbloom, Arlan L. and Joe Jenny R. (1999). Emerging epidemic of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Youth. Diabetes Care 22:345–354Votey, S. R., & Peters, A. L. (2007, October 2). Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 – A Review. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from emedicine: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/766036-overviewVotey, S. R., & Peters, A. L. (2009, February 2). Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 – A Review. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from emedicine: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/766143-overview

Beyond the arabin poetry Essay

Beyond the Arabian Poetry In the light of Arabic literature in Muslim Spain, It was one of the greatest lands at that time. Most of people were educated in too many studies, due to the Abd al-Rahman III one of the Umayyad Rulers. Abd al-Rahman III was interested greatly in books and education, which made him to collect a lot of books around the world. Arabic literature’ books were also interested by Abd al-Rahman III, which made a lot of Muslim Spain’s people interested on in and study it as well. Muslims and Jews were inherited in the Arabic literature which made them write stories and poetry. All that had a deep effect on literature scholars and especially Jewish scholars. When they were studying Islamic, Arabic literature they were also studying Islamic literature and the influence of the relationship of Arabic language and Islam. In that vein, many of the Jews converted to Islam by their own, But not all about Jews. And this raises the mind a question that what are the sources and the power of the Arabic literature which make these Jews converting to Islam by their own? And it appears that the larger spiritual vision of Islamic religious traditions and the Ideology of Islamic Arabic poems are involved with that. Therefore the Islamic traditions and the Islamic, Arabic poetry are the source of converting some of the Jews to Islam by their own in Muslim Spain. According to the book the Jews of Islam says â€Å"Islam had its sway over Jewish cultural life too. In literature, and the arts, the Muslim influence on the Jews is enormous.† (Lewis 81) It appears from that Islam affected on Jews through literature and the arts which means by traditions and poetry. In the same note of converting the Jews to Islam, the Islamic literature was very strong, because it was getting through the soul and shapes it. And writing famous poems on the walls of Madden T Al-Zahra, helped Jewish to read poems in the in that time, so one line of any Islamic poem has that huge effect for the reader. But that script was in Arabic, how did the spoken Hebrew, Jewish did read that? What kind of influence that the script has if it has translated to Hebrew? Would it be strong as it is in Arabic?  There were people in Muslim Spain who were in interested in reading Arabic poem translated to Hebrew. And according to book The Dream of the Poem for Peter Cole that it says there is a scholar who was translating poems to Hebrew by comparing meters to their Arabic models. (Cole 333). So this shows that yes by an effort of scholars the influence of Arabic poetry kept as itself, therefore spoken Hebrew Jews got a chance to read the Arabic poems with its influence which helped to make some of them convert to Islam. According to book of Daily life of Jews in the Middle Ages for Norman Roth he says â€Å"While some Jews, indeed, converted to Islam of their own free will in the early medieval period.†(Roth 202) and also Roth said that there are some of Jewish scholars in Muslim Spain Wrote in Arabic poems for them and one of them converted to Islam as Ibrahim Ibn Sahl, as he believe(Roth 165). By reading this book or some quotes of it we will see how the poetry affected these Jews to convert, even if it is not the big motive of converting, but Poetry was the media of the motive of converting these Jews to Islam. In that time Art was greatly considered as poems, due to the Islamic religion and the many of poets in that time, the poems were spread a lot in Muslim Spain, so it was easy for all to read them, and this shows that how the poems were the media of converting the Jews to Islam by their own. Furthermore the Jews were very interested with the Arabic poetry, and most of the Arabic poetry is describing Islam and how it is good for life. According to book of Arabic and Hebrew Love Poems in Al-Andalusia By Shari Lowin which says â€Å"Brann similarly maintains that Jews had primary knowledge of the sacred texts of Islam† (Lowin 40) and this shows that Jews were affected very deeply from the poems to know about Islam which made them to go and read holy texts from the Islamic religion. Moreover the connection of the poetry with science by proving that holy Quran proved a lot of science statements, and that was really convincing to the Jewish to convert to Islam, because the Jewish people believe in the concrete and the logic (Gwynne 160), and when they found that Islam is logical with the earth and it’s science so they will be more attracted to convert to Islam. All that is just from a link from Arabic poetry that talks about science and how Islam in the holy Quran proved it. In the line with that, it proves that  Jews converted to Islam by their own, because they read these sacred texts by their own and without any force from anyone, and this shows how strong was the Islamic literature, it affected the mind and the soul of Jews in Muslim Spain thus makes them convert to Islam. So the source of that is the literature of Islamic poetry and traditions. The poetry in Islam was very nice, great and wonderful and Muslim’s prophet Muhammad said to have enjoyed the poetry (Scheindlin 7), which made Muslims do great efforts to add in the Islamic poetry, which makes a lot of kind of attractive ways to Islam, which made the Jews be Muslims and be satisfied of converting, and this proves that the converting Jews in Muslim Spain to Islam by their own by the poetry. Even though the Jews reacted to most creative way of the brilliant Arab culture as I will show here â€Å"according to Bargebuhr, Hispanic Jews reacted in a most creative way to the influences of the brilliant Arab culture (though without converting to Islam, as the Persians did). (Jayyusi and Marin 515) † So it appears that Jews did not convert to Islam by reading that smart Arabic poems. But in the beginning I said some of Jews converted to Islam. And the same book said that some of Jews did not use the Hebrew language as well in reading the Islamic poems. Moreover they have reacted the Arabic poems not the Islamic one, but when it appears that the Hispanic Jews reacted to the smart Arabic poems it appears not the all Jews converted to Islam, but Some of them, who reacted to the Islamic Arabic Poems. The holy Quran is in Arabic and it has its language, and most of the Arabic in Muslim Spain were influenced in the holy Quran, and how it has the secret way to attract non-Muslim people to it, that are the Holy Quran ways, But the Arabs poets as I said they influenced of that and they started to work with it to attract people to Islam. And how about some of Jews Scholars had been influenced and attracted to the Quran language, and converted to Islam, they will have the power of attracting their previous people the Jews. Therefore the possibilities of converting Jews to Islam were so high because of the many of the Converted Jews scholars to Islam, and the knowing of the Hebrew language, they will be able to know how to attract people to Islam by making good Hebrew poets, that has the attraction ways of Holy Quran. Adding knowledge to the pomes in the Muslim Spain was so great, some of the Poets added a lot of knowledge in his poems, and by clever way the poets were adding attracting language to make the Jews convert to Islam when they were reading knowledge. All that made the Jews convert to Islam by reading the Arabic poetry in Muslim Spain. But did these converted Jews really converted to Islam just by reading the poems? Why if they were converting to Islam just not to pay the (Jyzia) which is a tax that Muslims take it from non-Muslims people? It could be, and this would happen, but not all of Jews who converted to Islam just because of the Jyzia, because the one who converted should not be so poor to not pay a small amount of money as a tax. Moreover a lot of poor Jews in Muslim Spain were able to pay the Jyzia, unless if that Jew is cheap or greedy, he would do that. But another question is in the mind now, which is what kind of poems affected the Jews that range to convert to Islam? We said before that the poets were Arabs from Muslim Spain and Jews scholars too who wrote poems in both languages as well, Moreover the Holy Quran’s Influence which attracted all those to convert to Islam. But the kind of poems are the one which were describing Islam and how it is, and the one which described other religions, and making Islam the best of them. Moreover the poems which describes the Islamic architecture, and the science as well especially the one which discovered by Muslims scientists. However these poems are showing in its form, it talks about architecture or science, how would that help or motive or being a media to convert the Jews to Islam? The questions here is logic and it appears that it has no answer. But the answer is simple, the poets really care to make the readers being pleased reading the poems they wrote, that would not happen they appeared they are trying to let non-Muslims readers to get bored fast, or to leave the poems by thinking it is trying to make them Muslims, so the poets used a hidden way to let the readers not feeling that they added the thing that make them convert, so they added in a hidden way, for example when they want to describe the architecture, they will describe the Mosque in purpose to let the readers to be attracted to the Mosque (Ruggles 171-8) , and also if they want to write about science they write about the Muslims scientists or how Islam explained science in perfect way, all that just by great poems that did not seemed to be like that. As Ibrahim Ibn Sahl did after he converted (Roth 165-9). In the end of this it was a clever idea to make the Islamic poetry strong to be capable to convert people by their own, and also the traditions of Muslims i n Muslim Spain were much educated to make a lot of ways to add the Islamic  sense at the poetry to make the Jews to convert. Moreover the secret way of attracting Non-Muslims to Islam was really strong because it was within the language which is the most playable media to attract people to Islam. Especially the Jews, but how about the Christians did they also converted to Islam by poems in Muslim Spain? If they did so, what was attracting them, to be converted? But are not they were jealous of Muslims who were able to convert Jews by their own, so they did the inquisition and forced people to convert to their religion by force. Or they were scare to be attracted by Muslims and then convert to Islam. And this raises the concept of Muslims verses Christian’s tactics of conversion. And the Muslim’s cultural influence verses Christian’s state violence. Work Cited Cole, Peter. The Dream of the Poem: Hebrew Poetry from Muslim and Christian Spain, 950-1492. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007. Print. D, F R. â€Å"Arabic Poetry and Architectural Memory in Al-Andalus.† Ars Orientalis. 23 (1993): 171-178. Print. Gwynne, Rosalind W. Logic, Rhetoric and Legal Reasoning in the Qur’an: God’s Arguments. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis, 2014. Internet resource. Lewis, Bernard. The Jews of Islam. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1984. Print. Lowin, Shari L. Arabic and Hebrew Love Poems in Al-Andalus. New York: Routledge, 2014. Print. Roth, Norman. Daily Life of Jews in the Middle Ages. New York: Routledge, 2005. Print. Scheindlin, Raymond P. The Gazelle: Medieval Hebrew Poems on God, Israel, and the Soul. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1991. Print. Jayyusi, Salma K, and Manuela MariÃŒ n. The Legacy of Muslim Spain. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1992. Print.

Pre 1900 Prose Assignment Charles Dickens Essay Example

Pre 1900 Prose Assignment Charles Dickens Essay Example Pre 1900 Prose Assignment Charles Dickens Paper Pre 1900 Prose Assignment Charles Dickens Paper what fat cheeks you ha got. , and if I hant half a mind tot! are all quotations where an accent is visible from the convict. An accent might create confusion as Pip might not be able to understand him and also lets us know he probably is foreign. When the convict asks where Pips mum was, and Pip answered There, sir! the convict, acting as though he wasnt scared and was scary until then, runs away. This suddenly brings to mind that he isnt as threatening as he was thought to be. Who dye live with supposing youre kindly let to live, which I hant made up my mind about? The convict is re-affirming that he is still dangerous and delivers a threat if Pip doesnt answer. He makes an even greater threat not long after when he wants food and a file, You get me a file. He tilted me again. And you get me wittles. He tilted me again. You bring em both to me. He tilted me again. Or Ill have your heart and liver out. He tilted me again. The convict backs this threat up by scaring Pip when he tilts him back and back. In this extract, Dickens has again used effective techniques to create an atmosphere where Pip is frightened and vulnerable. At times, though, he has made the convict look slightly afraid and sometimes you feel sorry for him because of how he has been described. The scene and setting changed as the extract went on, one part was when Pip was described as petrified in his point of view, and another was a different perspective of Pip. Also the convict, when he first arrives on the scene he is described as intimidating and a scary person but your opinion changes as the extract goes on. The Signalman is quite a bit different to this extract from Great Expectations as Dickens doesnt try and use the same techniques to create the same effect. Oliver Twist was one of Charles Dickens most popular novels and was first published between 1837 and 1838. It centres on the hardship of the dispossessed and those of outside civilised society. The extract that I am analysing is Chapter 47: Fatal Consequences and focuses mainly on a discussion between Fagin and Bill Sykes, and then at the end of the chapter, Bill murdering Nancy. The first paragraph is basically a very long sentence; it is over five lines long and goes on to set the scene and atmosphere. It was nearly two hours before daybreak tells us that it is still dark and darkness can be seen as where all evil takes place. This immediately sets a dangerous and frightening atmosphere, just like Dickens did with The Signalman. That time in which the Autumn of the year. This backs up the evil part as autumn is barren and hibernation takes place. Dead is related to evil and darkness and the next quotation is just part of the description of the setting but we already know that the atmosphere is dangerous and scary. May truly be called the dead of night is also very negative and nothing g ood is said. The dead of night is personification and so is sounds appear to slumber. The first quotation the dead of night could mean that at night everything seems dead as it could be silent and maybe unsettling. The next quotation sounds appear to slumber suggests that because it was silent it felt that all sounds were sleeping and fits in with the danger atmosphere. Personification was used in The Signalman so again this extract has similarities with the short story. Fagin was first described as though he was evil and dead, and went well with the description of the setting. Fagin sat watching in his old lair, with face so distorted and pale, and eyes so red and bloodshot makes us create an image of Fagin which was quite frightening. That he looked less like a man, than like some hideous phantom, moist from the grave, and worried by and evil spirit finishes of that fearsome picture of Fagin in our minds and describes him as though he had died long ago and risen up from his grave. Dickens uses evil again to tell us about a spirit and this helps with the frightening atmosphere if the character is like it. Fagin is then portrayed as being an animal or monster, he sat crouching over a cold hearth, his toothless gums and fangs are all features or characteristics of an animal such as a dog. At last. He muttered, wiping his dry and fevered mouth. At last! This quotation suggests that Fagin was expecting Sikes, but he might have been late. It could mean that Fagin is impatient. Sikes is described as soon as he comes through the door and creates an image of him being the brawn of the two, whereas Fagin is the brains. The man displayed the burly frame of Sikes. Bur he did not take his eyes of the robber shows that Fagin does not trust Sikes and shows that he fears him a bit. Dickens has given Sikes an accent Damme said Sikes, and this has made Sikes foreign, more dangerous as he is from another county and harder to understand. Sikes lacks security, feeling in his breast with a look of alarm, which has made us feel that he is unstable and that he needs protection. It also shows that Sikes mistrusts Fagin as well. Nance will think Im lost. Gives a little glimmer that Sikes is caring and humanises him to his first description. Fagin uses blackmail a few times to persuade Sikes What if I did it! cried Fagin, almost in a yell. I, that know so much and, could hang so many besides myself! This blackmail is strong and is showing that what Fagin is trying to persuade Sikes to do is important. Sikes changes back to his violent self after he is humanised and he makes brutal threats to match Fagins blackmail. And beat your brains out afore the people and that I could smash you head as if I a loaded wagon had gone over it are two quotations showing the violence in him. Dickens has gone further than Sikes being just violent and has also created an image that he is not even afraid of death, Id do something in the jail that ud get me put in irons This finishes our image of the character Sikes in our heads and it is a cruel aggressive one, no sign of the caring part as he is willing to kill anyone who betrays him. When Sikes comes into Nancys room, Dickens makes Nancy feel vulnerable and we can sympathise for her. Even when Dickens uses double-locked the door it shows that she wants some security. The girl was lying, half dressed, upon it. Girl is used to again go further on her vulnerability and that shes not a woman but a defenceless young girl. Nancy is said to be pleased with Bills return and she thinks of him as a guard or some protection, or it shows that she might love him, with an expression of pleasure at his return. During the murder of Nancy, she was said to be praying on her knees and this helps for Dickens to make us feel sorry for her. Also a white handkerchief makes her appear helpless and weak This extract from Oliver Twist has most of the atmosphere techniques at the start of it, so as to create an image of the scene as quickly as possible. The Signalman and this extract are very similar in the techniques used to create atmosphere as Dickens is trying to build up a dangerous and evil place. Techniques used to create character are used throughout the extract and each character has been given different characteristics so there would be conflict. Fagin is very sly and evil, Sikes is violent and aggressive and Nancy is vulnerable and weak. The Signalman and Great Expectations both have two characters and centres mainly on the atmosphere and less on the them, whereas Oliver Twist uses techniques more to describe the characters. I found that The Signalman and Oliver Twist were the more effective of the three. I think I thought this as there was a lot of detail on the atmosphere of The Signalman and had conclusions to what the signalman was like, in his job and what is personality was actually like. Oliver Twist went into great detail with the characters and I liked this as I could create an image of all three characters and then I imagined what the atmosphere was like around them after. Dickens in Great Expectations, though, didnt use as many effective techniques to describe the characters. The atmosphere was being described through the use of the senses and there werent that many other techniques. This is why I thought that Great Expectations was less interesting and therefore less effective in building atmosphere and character.

Reflection essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Reflection - Essay Example However, technological advancements would have some drawbacks. There will be no privacy in travelling since there will be audits of every route and journey. Secondly, internet connection will not be perfect in ‘moving offices’. Furthermore, ensuring the security of car office can be a challenge as the office is susceptible to criminal activities. Amazon Prime Air is an amazing technology. Jeff Bezo’s discovery is applicable in transporting packages from one point to another through autonomous drones (Stern 1). The technology will create the convenience of handling small-sized items as one can deliver a package from the comfort of the house. It would enable performance of tasks at a fast rate. The technology will also save on cost of operation. Instead of spending money to deliver a particular package, an individual can comfortably send it. However, the technology comes along with several challenges. Packages delivery at the doorstep of the receiving address may be challenging if the system does not identify the specific recipient. Unintended recipient at the receiving address can receive the package. Godsmark, Paul. Don’t laugh; the new Google prototype car has implications for your business. May 28, 2014. Web. June 4, 2014. Viewed: https://www.linkedin.com/today/post/article/20140528072025-142059068-don-t-laugh-the-new-google-prototype-car-has-implications-for-your-business?trk=mp-reader-card Stern, Joanna. Amazon Prime Air: Delivery by Drones Could Arrive As Early as 2015. abc NEWS. December 1, 2013. Web. June 4, 2014. Viewed:

Qualitative methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Qualitative methods - Essay Example 2013). In order to avoid any probable deviation this research method focuses on limited sample or delimitating the research area. In the end of qualitative research certain suggestions are also given which are optional and general. Theory is taken to explore solution of hypothesis and data is collected. Data is collected from two sources i.e. primary and secondary. The primary methods are the interview, group discussion, observation, case study, different texts, visual images etc. The secondary methods are consultation of reference material, certain pictures related to focus data and visiting different libraries. Advantages 1. The basic question of a human is† why† and it is satisfied here in this research method. 2. It is easy to conduct as it does not require too much money. 3. It’s more focused with delimitation of sample. Disadvantages 1. Its limited to just a particular chosen sample so what applies to one sample cannot be applied to other sample of same popul ation. 2. It does not give statistics of a fact. Participant observation   It is an approach to collect data in qualitative research. This technique is used for disciplines as sociology, psychology human geography etc.  Often it comes close to certain group or parties like a group of a certain occupation, culture or religion and their behavior at a given time. It is of four types. How it is Useful This method is used to observe informal behavior of participant. It gives a better understanding to the researcher when he or she himself/herself gets involve practically. Different approaches are used as Informal interviews, direct  observing the sample, group participation and discussion,  tracing the personal history, derived results from these approaches. It may take time as months till years to derive results (Profile, 2012). Advantages 1. It’s valid and accepted more because it is an observation. 2. It brings social grooming on the part of observer and he/she gets to l earn how to interact in a better way. Disadvantages 1. It’s difficult to remain objective while observation because a researcher may get biased or participant can have influence on him. 2. A participant may behave artificially so it may give fake observation. 3. It takes too much time. Interview Checklist Interview Checklist is dos and don’ts of an interview. It is a formal criteria to judge an interview if it goes successful or not. Certain factors as appearance, application, personality, attitude, response, body language impressions are counted. Two types of interview are taken normally i.e. structured and less structured. How it is Useful It is useful to conduct a good interview. It gives an understanding of whole environment of interview and the particular behavior of respondent and interviewer. It gives the key to successful interview. Advantages Depending upon the types we discuss advantages as follows Structured Interview 1. It has a vast sample, so it’s beneficial. 2. Questions are arranged in sequence to